used to & usually

Used to...

We can use "used to" to talk about a past habit or  state.

 use "didn't" + use + to + verb. (Remove the final /d/ ending from "used".)

 question, use "did" as the auxiliary, and take the final /d/ ending off "used":

To talk about past habits in English, you can also use would + infinitive without "to":

However, you cannot use "would" in this way to talk about past states. For this, you must use "used to".

Used to can be used with action and non-action  verbs 

example:
She used to drink a lot 

I´m used to run everyday in the park.

he didn't use to smoke every day.

Did we used to learn French?

Usually ...


usually is used for present actions and habits , that you do frequently 

 affirmative : subject+usually/ normally + simple present

questions :Do + subject+ usually+ simple present +  ?
 
negative: subject + don´t + usually + simple present

Examples:

Do you usually going to park?

We usually  get up at 6:00 am.

She don´t usually eat fruits and vegetables.

The school usually open at 7:00am

work & jobs

iframe src='http://www.educaplay.com/es/recursoseducativos/1667904/html5/work_job.htm' width='795' height='690' frameborder='0'></iframe><a href='http://www.educaplay.com/es/recursoseducativos/1667904/work_job.htm'>work-job</a>

Adjectives Order

In English, it is common to use more than one adjective before a noun — for example, “He's a silly young fool,” or “She's a smart, energetic woman.” When you use more than one adjective, you have to put them in the right order, according to type.
 1. The basic types of adjectives
 Opinion An opinion adjective explains what you think about something (other people may not agree with you). For example: silly, beautiful, horrible, difficult
Size A size adjective, of course, tells you how big or small something is. For example: large, tiny, enormous, little
Age An age adjective tells you how young or old something or someone is. For example: ancient, new, young, old
Shape A shape adjective describes the shape of something. For example: square, round, flat, rectangular
 Colour A colour adjective, of course, describes the colour of something. For example: blue, pink, reddish, grey
Origin An origin adjective describes where something comes from. For example: French, lunar, American, eastern, Greek
Material A material adjective describes what something is made from. For example: wooden, metal, cotton, paper
 Purpose A purpose adjective describes what something is used for. These adjectives often end with “-ing”. For example: sleeping (as in “sleeping bag”), roasting (as in “roasting tin”)

*NOTE : YOU CAN´T USE MORE THAN 3 ADJECTIVES

Exercise! :D

Exercise! :D

second conditional excercise

second condtional

vocabulary - houses

apartment building                              residential area

cave                                                    balcony

condo                                                  chimney

house                                                   yard

hut                                                       fence

igloo                                                    garage

mobile home                                       garden

tent                                                      gate

tepee                                                    patio

trailer                                                   porch

wigwam                                               roof

yurt                                                      steps

town house                                          bedroom

cottage                                                 kitche

downtown                                            bathroom

suburbs                                                 living room

village                                                  studio

small town                                           stove

toilet                                                     bed 

shower                                                 bedside table

dish washes                                         dresser

coffee table                                          armchair

loveseat                                               sofa

4A

First conditional sentences: if (or unless) + simple present, will / won´t + base form

·         The first conditional describes future events that are likely to happen.

·         Use the present tense (NOT the future) after if in first conditional sentences.

·         First conditional = real conditions

If X happens, Y will happen e. g.,

§  If Mary comes, she’ll want to drive.

§  If you give me some money, I’ll pay you back tomorrow.

·         Unless = if … not

I won’t go unless she invites me = I won’t go if she doesn’t invite me.

·         You can also use an imperative instead of the will clause.

Come and see us next week if you have time.

Do your homework if you have some spare time.

Future time clauses

·         Use the present simple (Not the future) after when, as soon as, until, before and after to talk about the future.

·         As soon as = at the moment when, e. g.,

I'll call you as soon as I arrive.

We'll have dinner when your father gets home.

I won't go to bed until you come home.

I'll have lunch before I leave.

After I finish university, I'll probably take a year off and travel.

3C

Can

It is an auxiliary verb, a modal auxiliary verb. We use it to:

·         Talk about possibility and ability

·         Make request

·         Ask for or give permission

·         It only has a present, past, and conditional form. ­

Estructure of can: subject + can + main verb

The main verb is always the bare infinitive (infinitive without “to”)

	Subject	Auxiliary verb	Main verb
+	I	can	swim
-	She	cannot	Swim
		can´t
?	Can	you	swim?

Could

It is an auxiliary verb, a modal auxiliary verb. We use it to:

·         Talk about past, possibility or ability

·         Make requests

Structure of could: subject + could + main verb

	Subject	Auxiliary verb	Main verb
+	My sister	could	swim
-	I	could not	Swim
		couldn´t
?	Could	you	swim?

Notice that:

·         Could is a variable. There is only one form of could.

·         The main verb is always the bare infinitive.

Be able to + base form

It is not a modal verb. It is simply the verb be plus an adjective (able) followed by the infinitive. We sometimes use it instead of can and could.

You can use be able to in the present, past, future, present perfect, and as a gerund or infinitive.

Be able to in the present and past is more formal than can/could.

We use be able to:

·         To talk about ability

Structure of be able to: subject + be + able + infinitive

	Subject	Be main verb	Able adjective	Infinitive
+	I	am	able	to drive
-	he	Is not	able	to drive
		Isn´t
?	Are	you	able	to drive

Notice that be able to is possible in all tenses, for example:

·         She was able to work…

·         He will be able to go…

·         I have been able to play…

Notice too that be able to has an infinitive form:

·         I would like to be able to speak French. 

crossword: houses

crossword

crossword

what is the answer?

soup of letters

Personality

Vocabulary

Vocabulary

• attractive 
• beautiful 
• good-looking 
• handsome 
• old 
• pale 
• plain 
• pretty 
• tanned 
• ugly 
• unattractive 
• young 
• baby-faced 
• fresh-faced 
• pasty-faced 
• round-faced 
• stone-faced 
• thin-faced 
• short 
• medium height 
• tall 
• tiny 
• average build 
• fat 
• muscular 
• obese 
• overweight 
• plump 
• skinny 
• slender 
• slim 
• stocky 
• stout 
• thin 
• well-built 
• elegant 
• scruffy 
• smart 
• untidy-looking 
• well-dressed 
• short/long hair 
• straight hair 
• curly hair 
• dark/light hair 
• black hair 
• blond/fair hair 
• brown hair 
• grey hair 
• white hair 
• redhead 
• receding hair 
• bald 
• braid 
• bun 
• ponytail 
• beard 
• birthmark 
• braces 
• freckle 
• mole 
• moustache 
• scar 
• sideboards (GB)
• sideburns (US) 
• tattoo 
• wart 
• wrinkle

modals of deduction

Modals of deduction


We use modal verbs to say how sure we are about something.

Must

We use must when we feel sure that something is true because there’s very strong evidence.


· He must live near here because he comes to work on foot. We don’t know where he lives but we’re sure it’s not far away.


· Come inside and get warm – you must be freezing out there.


· You’re a zookeeper? That must be very interesting.


Notice that must is followed by an infinitive without ‘to’.

Might, May, Could

We use might, may or could to say that we think something is possible but we’re not sure.


· Did you hear that? I think there might be a burglar downstairs. She’s not sure there’s a burglar but she thinks it’s possible.


· We’ll try to get there early but we may arrive late if there’s a lot of traffic.


· Don’t put it up there. It could fall off and hit someone.


Might, may and could are also followed by an infinitive without ‘to’.

Can’t

We use can’t when we feel sure something is not true.


· It can’t be a burglar. All the doors and windows are locked. He doesn’t know it’s not a burglar but he feels sure it’s not.


· It can’t be far away now. We’ve been driving for hours. Where’s the map?


· Really? He has to work on Christmas Day? He can’t feel very happy about that.


Like the other verbs, can’t is followed by an infinitive without ‘to’.

Remember that all of these modal verbs – must, might, may, could and can’t have other uses. These are covered in another section.






We can use certain modal auxiliary verbs to make deductions, i.e. to make guesses based on known facts.

We can make deductions about the present :

'Where's Joanna?'
'She's not here. She must be in the kitchen.'

We can also make deductions about the past :

'How do you think the burglar got in?'
'He must have climbed through the window.'

We use different modal axiliary verbs depending on how strong our guess is :

He must be in the kitchen. - Very sure - 99%
He can't be in the garden. - Very sure - we think it's impossible - 99%

He may / might / could be in his bedroom. We think it's possible - 50%


to make guesses about the past, we use the same modals and add the auxiliary verb have. This is followed by the past participle of the main verb :

He must have climbed through the window. - Very sure - 99%
He cant't have climbed through the window. - Very sure - we think it's impossible - 99%

He may / might / could have climbed through the window. We think it's.

Vocabulary

Vocabulary


· service provider


· reception


· text message


· SIM card


· mobile Internet


· monthly contract


· direct debit


· a top-up voucher


· smartphone


· call waiting


· Contacts


· call forwarding.


· Hands-free set


· Inbox


· Missed call


· Phone charger


· ring tone


· Screen


· to dial


· to hang up


· calling back


· busy


· left a message





· voice mail

Modal verbs

Must

We often use must to say that something is essential or necessary, for example:

• I must go.

Structure of Must

Must is a modal auxiliary verb. It is followed by a main verb. The structure is:

subject + must + verb

The verb is the base verb (infinitive without "to").

Look at these examples:

subject	auxiliary must	verb
I	must	go	home.
You	must	visit	us.
We	must	stop	now.

Like all auxiliary verbs, must CANNOT be followed by to. So, we say:

• I must go now. (not *I must to go now.)

Use of Must

In general, must expresses personal obligation. Must expresses what the speakerthinks is necessary. Must is subjective. Look at these examples:

• I must stop smoking.
• You must visit us soon.
• He must work harder.

In each of the above cases, the "obligation" is the opinion or idea of the person speaking. In fact, it is not a real obligation. It is not imposed from outside.

It is sometimes possible to use must for real obligation, for example a rule or a law. But generally we use have to for this.

We can use must to talk about the present or the future. Look at these examples:

• I must go now. (present)
• I must call my mother tomorrow. (future)

We cannot use must to talk about the past. We use have to to talk about the past.

Have to

We often use have to to say that something is obligatory, for example:

• Children have to go to school.

Note that we can use the have to expression in all tenses, for example:
I have to, I had to, I have had to, I will have to

Structure of Have to

Have to is often grouped with modal auxiliary verbs for convenience, but in fact it isnot a modal verb. It is not even an auxiliary verb. In the have to structure, "have" is a main verb. The structure is:

subject + auxiliary verb + have + infinitive (with to)

Look at these examples in the simple tense:

	subject	auxiliary verb	main verb have	infinitive (with to)
+	She		has	to work.
-	I	do not	have	to see	the doctor.
?	Did	you	have	to go	to school?

Use of Have to

In general, have to expresses impersonal obligation. The subject of have to is obliged or forced to act by a separate, external power (for example, the Law or school rules). Have to is objective. Look at these examples:

• In France, you have to drive on the right.
• In England, most schoolchildren have to wear a uniform.
• John has to wear a tie at work.

In each of the above cases, the obligation is not the subject's opinion or idea. The obligation is imposed from outside.

We can use have to in all tenses, and also with modal auxiliaries. We conjugate it just like any other main verb. Here are some examples:

	subject	auxiliary verb	main verbhave	infinitive
past simple	I		had	to work	yesterday.
present simple	I		have	to work	today.
future simple	I	will	have	to work	tomorrow.
present continuous	She	is	having	to wait.
present perfect	We	Have	had	tochange	the time.
modal (may)	They	May	have	to do	it again.

Should

Should is an auxiliary verb, a modal auxiliary verb. We use should mainly to:

• give advice or make recommendations
• talk about obligation
• talk about probability and expectation
• express the conditional mood
• replace a subjunctive structure

Structure of Should

subject + should + main verb

The main verb is always the bare infinitive (infinitive without "to").

	subject	auxiliary verb	main verb
+	He	should	go.
-	He	should not	go.
		shouldn't
?	Should	he	go?

Notice that:

• Should is invariable. There is only one form of should.
• The main verb is always the bare infinitive.

The main verb is always the bare infinitive. We cannot say:
He should to go.

There is no short form for should. The negative should not can be shortened toshouldn't.

Use of Should

should: Giving advice, opinions

We often use should when offering advice or opinions (similar to ought to):

• You should see the new James Bond movie. It's great!
• You should try to lose weight.
• John should get a haircut.
• He shouldn't smoke. And he should stop drinking too.
• What should I wear?
• They should make that illegal.
• There should be a law against that.
• People should worry more about global warming.

We use should to indicate that we think something is probable (we expect it to happen):

• Are you ready? The train should be here soon.
• $10 is enough. It shouldn't cost more than that.
• Let's call Mary. She should have finished work by now.

We often use the conditional structure "If I were you I should..." to give advice.

• If I were you, I should complain to the manager.
• If I were you I shouldn't worry about it.
• I shouldn't say anything if I were you.

Note that we can omit "If I were you..." and just say:

• I should complain to the manager.
• I shouldn't worry about it.
• I shouldn't say anything.

If we don't understand (or agree with) something, we may use "Why should..?":

• Why should it be illegal to commit suicide? It's your life.

"Why should..?" and "How should..?" can also indicate anger or irritation:

• "Help me with this." | "Why should I?"
• "Where are my keys?" | "How should I know?"